Django Model & View 만들기(실습)

Python/Django 2022. 9. 28. 09:08

모델만들기

# models.py 

from django.db import models

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    content = models.TextField()

# python manage.py makemigrations 앱이름
# python manage.py migrate app


yunajoe@yunajoe MINGW64 ~/workspace/mydjango01 (master)
$ python manage.py makemigrations app
Migrations for 'app':
  app\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Post

yunajoe@yunajoe MINGW64 ~/workspace/mydjango01 (master)
$ python manage.py migrate app
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: app
Running migrations:
  Applying app.0001_initial... OK

# 아래처럼 model를 생성한 것 과 같다 
yunajoe@yunajoe MINGW64 ~/workspace/mydjango01 (master)
$ python manage.py sqlmigrate app 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Post
--
CREATE TABLE "app_post" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title" varchar(100) NOT NULL, "content" text NOT NULL);
COMMIT;

모델을 등록해주자

# admin.py ==> 모델등록
from django.contrib import admin
from app.models import Post

# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Post)

admin 에다 Post 모델을 등록했기 때문에 아래와 같이 나온다

글을 작성해보고!

DB을 열어보면?!

현재의 DB는 SQLite3이지만, 다른 DB ( MySql, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, etc..)등도 연결 가능하다

view 만들기

# urls.py 

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("app/", views.index),
]


# views.py 

from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from app.models import Post

def index(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
    return HttpResponse(
        """    
        <html>
        <style>
            body{background-color: blue;}
        </style>
        <body>
            <h1>Hello World</h1>
        </body>        
        </html>    
        """
    )

+ 하나의 jangoproject에는 다수의 django앱이 있을 수 있고 앱마다 views가 있을 테니까 
views 이름이 겹치지 않도록 as 별칭 으로도 할 수 있다

from app import views as app_views 
urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path('app/', app_views.index)  
]

template폴더를 만들기(아래처럼 templates/앱이름/html파일이름)

# views.py 

def index(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
    return render(request, "app/index.html")  


# index.html


<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>안뇽!</h1>
</body>
</html>

데이터를 views.py에 직접 하드코딩하여 불러와보자

# views.py 


def index(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
    qs = [
        {"id": 1, "title": "굿모닝"},
        {"id": 2, "title": "굿나잇"},
    ]
    return render(
        request,
        "app/index.html",
        {
            "post_list": qs,
        },
    )


# index.html

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>PostList</h1>
    {% for post in post_list %}
        <div>
        {{ post.id }} : {{ post.title}}
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

데이터를 모델를 통해서 불러와보자

views.py 


from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from app.models import Post


def index(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
    qs = Post.objects.all()
    return render(
        request,
        "app/index.html",
        {
            "post_list": qs,
        },
    )
    
    
# index.html

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>PostList</h1>
    {% for post in post_list %}
        <div>
        {{ post.id }} : {{ post.title}}
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

실습

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/1  로 접근하면 id=1인 포스팅 내용이 보여지고 
http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/2 로 접근하면 id=2인 포스팅 내용이 보여지게 만들기

# views.py 


def post_detail(request: HttpRequest, pk: int) -> HttpResponse:
    post = Post.objects.get(pk=pk)
    return render(
        request,
        "app/post_detail.html",
        {"each_post": post},
    )

templates/app/post_detail.html




<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Post Detail: {{ each_post.title }}</h1>
    {{ each_post.content }}
</body>
</html>

urls.py 


from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("app/", views.index),
    path("app/<int:pk>", views.post_detail),
]

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/1

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/2

http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/3 (pk=3 은 포스팅이 없다)

page가 없을 때는 404로 표시해주자

def post_detail(request: HttpRequest, pk: int) -> HttpResponse:
    #   post = Post.objects.get(pk=pk)
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
    return render(
        request,
        "app/post_detail.html",
        {"each_post": post},
    )

출처: 본 포스팅은 "인프런의 장고 설계철학으로 시작하는 파이썬 장고 입문" 을 토대로 작성하였습니다

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